Russie: Poutine attendu pour sa conférence annuelle devant la presse et les citoyens

Le président russe Vladimir Poutine doit répondre vendredi aux journalistes et citoyens et dresser le bilan de l’année, au moment où une intense activité diplomatique est déployée pour trouver une issue à la guerre en Ukraine lancée par Moscou il y a près de quatre ans.M. Poutine, 73 ans et au pouvoir depuis un quart de siècle, est rôdé à cette grande conférence annuelle, exercice médiatique qui dure généralement plusieurs heures et est retransmis en direct à la télévision.Le président russe s’exprime à cette occasion sur un vaste spectre de sujets allant de la géopolitique et l’économie aux préoccupations concrètes de la population et problèmes locaux.Comme les années précédentes, il est très attendu sur l’offensive russe en Ukraine, qui entrera en février dans sa cinquième année, mais aussi sur ses relations avec le président américain Donald Trump, revenu au pouvoir en janvier, ou encore l’escalade des tensions avec les Européens.Mercredi, M. Poutine a une nouvelle fois martelé que les objectifs de la Russie en Ukraine seraient “sans aucun doute atteints”, que ce soit par la voie diplomatique ou par des moyens militaires. Il a aussi eu un ton très dur envers les dirigeants européens, qu’il a qualifiés de “porcelets” qui ambitionnent de provoquer “l’effondrement” de la Russie.Alors que les Etats-Unis multiplient les efforts diplomatiques ces dernières semaines pour élaborer un plan visant à mettre fin à la guerre, les forces russes ont accéléré cette année leurs conquêtes sur le front en Ukraine, dont elles contrôlent environ 19% du territoire.- “Quand arrivera la paix?” -Le conflit reste une préoccupation majeure des Russes. Selon une enquête d’opinion du centre indépendant Levada de mi-décembre, 21% des sondés souhaitent demander vendredi à Vladimir Poutine quand “l’opération militaire spéciale” en Ukraine, selon les termes en vigueur en Russie, prendra fin.Selon cet institut, déclaré “agent de l’étranger” par les autorités, 16% des sondés aimeraient par ailleurs savoir quand les conditions de vie vont s’améliorer, alors que la Russie est visée par des sanctions occidentales massives et confrontée à une forte inflation.”Si j’avais la possibilité de poser une question au président, je lui demanderais quand la paix arrivera pour tous. Ce serait le bonheur !”, a déclaré à l’AFP Anna, une retraité de 65 ans, interrogée dans les rues de Moscou.Grigori, logisticien de 62 ans, voudrait lui aussi “entendre des nouvelles positives sur la fin du conflit”, mais aussi sur “une baisse des taux d’intérêt des prêts hypothécaires”, qui atteignent des niveaux records en Russie et freinent les investissements.Si l’économie du pays a jusqu’ici tenu bon face aux restrictions visant notamment ses exportations d’hydrocarbures, les difficultés qu’elle traverse s’expriment via des pénuries de main d’oeuvre, un coût prohibitif des crédits bancaires et une hausse des prix à la consommation.Après deux années de croissance portées par l’effort de guerre, l’économie russe montre ainsi des signes de ralentissement. La Banque centrale table sur une croissance du PIB comprise entre 0,5% et 1% pour 2025, contre 4,3% en 2024 et 4,1% en 2023.- Doléances -Cette grande conférence de presse annuelle est aussi l’occasion pour Vladimir Poutine d’écouter pléthore de doléances locales de la population à travers les régions du plus vaste pays au monde, comme la vétusté des hôpitaux, le manque d’écoles ou l’état des routes. Selon le porte-parole du Kremlin, Dmitri Peskov, M. Poutine s’est préparé mercredi “jusque tard dans la nuit” à cette conférence en épluchant les questions des citoyens, ainsi que toute la journée de jeudi.Selon M. Peskov, plus de deux millions de questions ont été posées au président, qui sont triées avec l’aide de l’intelligence artificielle. Les questions sociales “occupent la première place”, a-t-il affirmé au journal Izvestia.Ce programme était autrefois divisé en deux parties: la grande conférence de presse annuelle avec la participation de médias occidentaux et la “Ligne directe” de questions-réponses avec les citoyens. Depuis 2023, les deux émissions ont été fusionnées.Le face-à-face de Vladimir Poutine avec la presse porte généralement sur la politique et les grands dossiers internationaux.La session de questions-réponses avec la population offre, elle, à Vladimir Poutine l’occasion de promettre de régler des problèmes de particuliers, de réprimander des responsables régionaux et parfois, de faire des confidences sur sa vie privée.Ces deux évènements, organisés quasi chaque année depuis 2001, sont les deux grand-messes télévisées annuelles du président russe.En 2022, elles n’avaient pas eu lieu, alors que l’armée russe venait d’essuyer des revers importants en Ukraine.

TikTok: key things to know

TikTok boasts over a billion users worldwide, including more than 170 million in the United States, it says — nearly half the country’s population.Here is a closer look at the app, which said Thursday it had signed a deal with investors that would allow it to maintain US operations and avoid a ban threat over its Chinese ownership.- Born in China -TikTok’s surge from niche video-sharing tool to global powerhouse is one of the biggest shifts in digital entertainment since the advent of social media.From friends dancing together to home chefs sharing recipes, TikTok can transform ordinary users into celebrities, revolutionizing the traditional path to stardom.It was launched in 2016 by Chinese tech company ByteDance for the local market, where it is called Douyin. The international version, TikTok, was released in 2017.The app gained massive momentum after merging with Musical.ly, a lip-synching app, a year later.- ‘For You’ page -The so-called secret sauce in TikTok’s rapid expansion has been its innovative recommendation algorithm.Instead of showing content from accounts that users already follow, the endless scroll of TikTok’s “For You” page is based on viewing habits, engagement patterns and sophisticated content analysis.A video from a complete unknown can reach millions of people if the algorithm determines it engaging enough — a model that the app’s rivals have been quick to follow.TikTok’s focus on short clips also helps keep users hooked.It was initially limited to uploads of 15 seconds, but this was later expanded to up to 10 minutes, and now some users can post videos as long as 60 minutes.- Political suspicions -TikTok’s mass appeal means its rise has been controversial — mainly over its Chinese ownership and its built-in unpredictability.The platform has faced scrutiny from governments worldwide, particularly in the United States, over data privacy and potential ties to the Chinese government, including accusations of spying and propaganda.India banned TikTok along with other Chinese apps in 2020, citing national security concerns.- Huge fine -A European Union watchdog fined TikTok 530 million euros ($620 million) in May for failing to guarantee its user data was shielded from access by Chinese authorities.The social media giant has appealed the fine, insisting it has never received any requests from Chinese authorities for European users’ data.- Teenage safety fears -In a world first this month, Australia banned under-16s from major social media platforms including TikTok, Instagram and YouTube, with the onus on the tech firms to kick young users off their services.Other countries have expressed concern about the potential effects of TikTok on young users, including accusations it funnels them into echo chambers and fails to contain illegal, violent or obscene content.Albania banned TikTok for a year in March after a 14-year-old schoolboy was killed in the culmination of a confrontation that started on social media.- Sell or be banned -The US Congress passed legislation in 2024 requiring ByteDance to divest control of TikTok in the United States or be banned.On Thursday, according to an internal memo seen by AFP, TikTok CEO Shou Chew told employees that the social media company and its Chinese owner ByteDance had agreed to a new joint venture in the United States.Oracle — whose executive chairman Larry Ellison is a longtime ally of President Donald Trump — Silver Lake and Abu Dhabi-based MGX are on board as major investors.”The US joint venture will be responsible for US data protection, algorithm security, content moderation, and software assurance,” Chew said in the memo.burs-lth/kaf/sla

Deportation fears spur US migrants to entrust guardianship of their children

After her husband was detained by US immigration authorities in September, Rosa found herself alone with her two children, wondering what would happen should she suffer the same fate as him.”I go out to work less and less, and I’m afraid that I won’t come home to my children,” Rosa told AFP. “It’s not easy to explain this to them. My son waits for his dad to come home, and when he doesn’t, he gets sad.”To avoid the possibility of her children being abandoned, the 32-year-old Guatemalan immigrant decided to grant legal guardianship of her kids to an activist, Nora Sandigo, who runs a foundation overseeing the custody of migrant children in Miami.        A growing number of undocumented migrants are granting legal guardianship of their children to entrusted allies in the United States.The move gives the adult the power of attorney to sign documents for minors in schools, hospitals and courtrooms even if their parents are detained — without the migrants giving up custody of their children.The trend coincides with President Donald Trump’s crackdown on immigration, with official data published this month showing more than 605,000 undocumented migrants have been deported from the United States since his return to the White House in January.In Florida, host to a large undocumented population, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents have increased arrests, detaining immigrants who often work in agriculture, hospitality or construction.Rosa’s husband, for instance, was working at a construction site when he was detained by ICE and transported to a detention facility in Texas, where he remains.The couple hails from the northwest department of Huehuetenango in Guatemala, settling in Florida eight years ago for a chance at a better life.The pair came with a daughter, now 11 years old, and had a son four years ago.- ‘Horrifying’ -The couple now joins hundreds of other families who have entrusted Sandigo with legal guardianship.Born in Nicaragua and now a naturalized US citizen, Sandigo began taking in children from migrant families 15 years ago through her foundation, based in Miami.She is currently the legal guardian of almost 350 minors born in the US and 137 children born outside of the country, and has been the guardian of more than 2,000 kids over the course of her career.She and her two daughters have even lived with some of the children, some for months or years, after their parents were deported.The 60-year-old told AFP she receives calls every day from parents asking her to become their children’s legal guardian — and that number “has grown spectacularly” in recent months.”The new administration’s arrival with a terrifying message of persecution for immigrants, causing great distress for children, has been horrifying,” she said.The night before Thanksgiving this year, she welcomed several families to her home on the outskirts of Miami.Among them was Jessica, a 14-year-old US-born child of immigrants who has been brought under Sandigo’s wing.She told AFP that having undocumented parents and the uncertainty around it “makes me feel afraid” and sad.”My biggest worry is that they will leave, and with them my future. Because if they leave, I’m going with them,” she said with tears in her eyes.Sandigo tries to comfort her, but she knows that the immigration crackdown is causing psychological trauma to Jessica’s generation.”I love kids and I want to be useful, to be able to help them, but not under these circumstances,” she said.

Trump signs $900 bn defense policy bill into law

President Donald Trump signed a sweeping defense policy bill into law Thursday that signaled strong bipartisan support for Europe and defied the US leader’s increasingly hostile posture toward NATO and America’s closest allies.The annual National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), one the few remaining rituals of cross-party cooperation in Congress even as divisions sharpen elsewhere in Washington, sets out the country’s national security and foreign policy priority areas for the coming year, according to lawmakers.White House spokesperson Anna Kelly said Trump signed into law a measure which raises pay for US troops, codifies the country’s “PEACE THROUGH STRENGTH agenda,” and “funds the Golden Dome” air and missile defense system backed by Trump. The NDAA, at some $900 billion, also “removes woke priorities” like diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) programs opposed by many conservatives, and “requires promotions based on merit, not DEI,” Kelly added. The Senate easily passed the NDAA measure on Wednesday following the House’s green light last week. The success comes amid unease in European capitals over Trump’s rhetoric, especially after the recent White House national security strategy painted Europe as over-regulated, culturally adrift and insufficiently committed to its own defense.The strategy questioned the continent’s strategic value and openly echoed themes championed by far-right parties, fueling fears of a widening transatlantic rift.By contrast, the NDAA reflects lawmakers’ determination to anchor the United States firmly in Europe.The bill bars US troop levels on the continent from falling below 76,000 for more than 45 days and restricts the removal of major military equipment, effectively tying the administration’s hands on any rapid drawdown.It also boosts resources for frontline NATO states, particularly in the Baltic region, reinforcing the alliance’s northeastern flank.The measure authorizes roughly $8 billion more than the administration requested, a signal of congressional assertiveness on defense priorities.Beyond Europe, the NDAA locks in $400 million in security assistance for Ukraine, aiming to preserve a baseline of support even as broader funding debates grind on, and places new limits on any reduction of the 28,500 US troops stationed in South Korea.As ever, the NDAA drew fire from multiple directions — from conservative critics of Ukraine aid to safety experts warning about aviation provisions rolling back critical air-safety requirements for military aircraft operating in Washington’s restricted airspace.But none came close to derailing a package long seen as must-pass legislation.

Official named by new NY mayor resigns over past antisemitic posts: US media

An official appointed by incoming New York mayor Zohran Mamdani to a senior role in his transition team resigned one day later on Thursday after past antisemitic posts on social media emerged, US media reported.The Muslim mayor-elect faced repeated accusations of antisemitism during the mayoral campaign over his strident support for the Palestinian cause and conservative figures have vowed to closely scrutinize his administration when he takes office on January 1.Catherine Almonte Da Costa, Mamdani’s “head of appointments” stepped down after antisemitic statements in old Twitter posts form 2011 surfaced, NBC News reported. The posts were uncovered by The Judge Street Journal newsletter.She had appeared alongside Mamdani at a press event on Wednesday following her appointment.”I spoke with the Mayor-elect this afternoon, apologized, and expressed my deep regret for my past statements. These statements are not indicative of who I am,” Da Costa told the online outlet.”As the mother of Jewish children, I feel a profound sense of sadness and remorse at the harm these words have caused. As this has become a distraction from the work at hand, I have offered my resignation.””Money hungry Jews smh (shaking my head),” Da Costa allegedly posted on X on January 4, 2011. The account, which had been used to post several other antisemitic tropes, is no longer online.Mamdani’s transition team did not comment.