With around six million dollars and a stockpile of chips acquired before Washington banned their export to China, startup DeepSeek has produced what Chinese tech titans couldn’t — a world-class AI chatbot.The success will come with heightened scrutiny, both from Western governments with long-held suspicions about Chinese technology but also from Beijing, whose stern regulatory crackdown on the sector, though eased in 2022, still has a chilling effect.After surging ahead in the global artificial intelligence race this week, DeepSeek faces an uncertain future in its home country. In 2020, Beijing unleashed a severe regulatory campaign against China’s sprawling tech sector, which officials feared was growing beyond its control.The crackdown saw authorities intensify local compliance efforts and slap eye-watering fines on domestic champions including Alibaba and Tencent for alleged monopolistic behaviour.Beijing finally relented after a dire sell-off of Chinese tech stocks in March 2022.But the sector has yet to find its way back to the flourishing growth of its boom years.And China’s leaders have since stressed their desire for the country to become a world AI leader, pumping huge sums into a fund set up last year to help firms develop advanced computer chips in response to US shipment curbs.Meanwhile, tech giants — including TikTok parent company ByteDance and internet search and cloud computing giant Baidu — have raced to develop an AI chatbot on par with ChatGPT, released by US-based OpenAI in 2022.- No subsidies -But in the end, it was the low-key hedge fund project DeepSeek that accomplished the feat, outstripping domestic juggernauts and triggering a Wall Street rout that wiped over half a trillion dollars off of US chip titan Nvidia’s market capitalisation.”It is interesting that this breakthrough was achieved not by government-backed research institutes and large (state-owned enterprises), but by a hedge fund with no government subsidies,” noted Zhiwei Zhang, president and chief economist at Pinpoint Asset Management.Beijing is unlikely to be discouraged, however, with Zhang adding that DeepSeek’s success “will likely motivate the government to further promote technological innovation by the private sector”.The road ahead for DeepSeek will also feature major challenges overseas, with calls mounting for US authorities to act more urgently to prevent the flow of advanced chips to Chinese firms.And with President Donald Trump vowing to impose blanket tariffs on China in coming weeks for its alleged role in the US fentanyl crisis as well as “unfair” trade practices, a relaxation of curbs on advanced chip exports appears unlikely.Beijing’s policy is also increasingly driven by national security concerns — with President Xi Jinping remarking in a speech this week that the country had faced “complex and severe situations” throughout the past year.Despite growing fears of an intensified trade war, DeepSeek surged to the top of Apple’s App Store download charts this week as curious consumers flocked to test it.- TikTok fate? -The firm’s growing user base overseas may lead to fresh challenges stemming from Western governments’ long-standing concerns about the Chinese government’s potential espionage via locally developed apps, as well as heavy state censorship of content deemed by Beijing to be undesirable.Authorities in the country have in recent years rolled out new regulations for the burgeoning field of generative AI, ensuring that content it produces aligns with Beijing’s official narrative on sensitive issues such as the status of Taiwan or alleged human rights abuses.In addition to screening out obscenity and encouragement of violence, Chinese chatbots are required to adhere to the government’s “core socialist values” — a decree regulators say is to promote “social stability”.Another potential pitfall in DeepSeek’s quest to become the global go-to chatbot is how it handles the personal information of its users.The potential ban of TikTok in the United States is fuelled in large part by concerns that user data stored on servers owned by a China-based company poses a major national security risk.”DeepSeek’s cost efficiency is praiseworthy, but the privacy implications of its data collection would raise significant concerns,” said Saeed Rehman, senior lecturer in cybersecurity and networking at Flinders University.”This situation may evoke similar concerns to those raised for TikTok, where data privacy and security have been hotly debated,” he said.DeepSeek — whose founder Liang Wenfeng once said he became convinced as a student that AI would “change the world” — arrived on the world stage this week with a clamour.How long it stays on top will depend on how it manages the litany of potential perils that lie in its path.

Stock markets mostly rose Wednesday, tracking a rally on Wall Street, where tech titans led by Nvidia recovered some of their hefty losses thanks to easing worries over Chinese artificial intelligence startup DeepSeek.Investors were awaiting the conclusion of the Federal Reserve’s interest-rate policy meeting later in the day as well as major earnings, including from Meta, Microsoft and Tesla.”Calm has descended on financial markets after the AI upheaval, which triggered a wave of selling (this week), with investors seeing sharp falls as a buying opportunity,” noted Susannah Streeter, head of money and markets at Hargreaves Lansdown.DeepSeek’s unveiling of its R1 chatbot has apparently shown the ability to match the capacity of US AI pace-setters for a fraction of the investments made by American companies.The news hammered tech firms Monday, with US chip giant and market darling Nvidia collapsing almost 17 percent and wiping almost $600 billion from its market capitalisation — a record single-day loss for a publicly traded company.Tuesday saw a tech rebound, with Nvidia surging 8.8 percent, as some analysts voiced doubts over whether DeepSeek’s AI was developed as cheaply as it claims.Shares in Dutch tech giant ASML, which sells cutting-edge machines to make semiconductors, soared more than 11 percent on Wednesday after it reported solid orders in the fourth quarter.DeepSeek’s arrival raised questions about whether the vast sums of cash invested in AI in the past few years may have been overdone, but observers said the industry could benefit in the long term from competition pushing down costs.All three main Wall Street indices rose Tuesday, with the Nasdaq putting on two percent and the S&P 500 almost one percent — both clawing back most of Monday’s losses.Tokyo followed suit Wednesday, having taken a heavy hit over the previous two days as its chip companies tanked. There were gains also in Sydney, Wellington and Mumbai, though Bangkok dipped. Chinese indices were closed for holidays.European stock markets mostly rose in morning deals, though Paris was dragged lower by heavy falls to shares of luxury companies.It comes one day after LVMH, Europe’s largest company by market value, said its net profit slid 17 percent last year to 12.6 billion euros ($13 billion) on falling sales.- Fed decision -The Fed is set to stand pat on interest rates Wednesday despite calls by President Donald Trump for the central bank to lower them.Its post-meeting statement, and comments by boss Jerome Powell, will be pored over for clues over the outlook.There are worries Trump’s plans to slash taxes, regulations and immigration — as well as impose tariffs on imports — will reignite inflation and therefore keep borrowing costs higher for longer.The prospect of rates staying elevated boosted the dollar, which is being lifted also by Trump wanting universal tariffs “much bigger” than the 2.5 percent suggested by Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent.Elsewhere, the European Central Bank is expected to cut eurozone interest rates on Thursday.On the eve of the decision, eurozone member Spain said its economy expanded 3.2 percent last year on buoyant exports and consumption that have made it one of the fastest-growing developed countries.- Key figures around 0915 GMT -London – FTSE 100: UP 0.1 percent at 8,541.10 pointsParis – CAC 40: DOWN 0.3 percent at 7,875.79Frankfurt – DAX: UP 0.4 percent at 21,509.19Tokyo – Nikkei 225: UP 1.0 percent at 39,414.78 (close)Hong Kong – Hang Seng Index: Closed for a holidayShanghai – Composite: Closed for a holidayNew York – Dow: UP 0.3 percent at 44,850.35 (close)Euro/dollar: DOWN at $1.0414 from $1.0433 on TuesdayPound/dollar: DOWN at $1.2434 from $1.2440Dollar/yen: DOWN at 155.24 yen from 155.53 yen Euro/pound: DOWN at 83.77 pence from 83.84 pence West Texas Intermediate: DOWN 0.6 percent at $73.33 per barrelBrent North Sea Crude: DOWN 0.6 percent at $76.02 per barrel