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Japon: le gouvernement poursuivi pour son inaction face au changement climatique

Des centaines de personnes à travers le Japon ont lancé jeudi une action en justice contre leur gouvernement en raison de son inaction “inconstitutionnelle” face au changement climatique, une première dans le pays.”Nous venons de soumettre notre requête et nos éléments de preuves au tribunal, et notre action a été officiellement acceptée”, a déclaré à l’AFP leur avocat principal, Akihiro Shima.Cette plainte historique dénonce la lutte “extrêmement insuffisante” du pays contre le changement climatique, arguant que cela met en péril la santé et les moyens de subsistance des quelque 450 plaignants.Parmi eux, Kiichi Akiyama, un ouvrier du bâtiment de 57 ans, a déclaré à l’AFP que la chaleur incessante obligeait son équipe à travailler plus lentement, entraînant “d’énormes pertes” pour son entreprise.”Il y a eu des cas où des gens se sont évanouis sur le chantier, ou sont morts après être rentrés chez eux”, a-t-il ajouté.Cinq actions en justice liées au climat ont été engagées par le passé devant les tribunaux japonais, notamment contre des centrales au charbon, a indiqué à l’AFP Masako Ichihara, maîtresse de conférences à l’université de Kyoto. Mais selon les avocats des plaignants, il s’agit de la première demande de compensation visant l’État pour son inaction – une analyse partagée par Mme Ichihara, spécialiste des contentieux climatiques au Japon.- 5,5 euros de dommages et intérêts -Les mesures contre le changement climatique “sont extrêmement insuffisantes et, par conséquent, les droits des plaignants à une vie paisible et à la jouissance d’un climat stable sont violés”, indique le résumé de la plainte, obtenu par l’AFP avant son dépôt.Le Japon a connu cette année son été le plus chaud depuis le début des relevés en 1898, et les plaignants arguent que ces vagues de chaleur menacent la santé de la population, entraînent des pertes économiques et affectent les récoltes.En été, “je peux à peine creuser avec une pelle pendant 10 minutes avant de devoir m’asseoir pour me reposer”, dit M. Akiyama, qui estime que son équipe met aujourd’hui trois fois plus de temps que prévu pour terminer ses travaux.”Nous ne serions pas dans cette situation terrible si le gouvernement avait pris davantage d’initiatives pour mettre en œuvre des politiques”, juge-t-il.Des procédures similaires ont été lancées dans le monde. Un tribunal sud-coréen a jugé l’an dernier qu’une grande partie des objectifs climatiques du pays allaient à l’encontre de la Constitution, et une décision similaire a été rendue en Allemagne en 2021.La plainte déposée au Japon réclame des dommages et intérêts de 1.000 yens (5,5 euros) par plaignant M. Shima expliquant la volonté de mettre l’accent sur “la responsabilité du pays” plutôt que sur la somme d’argent.Les chances de victoire en justice au Japon sont minces, mais “si le but de cette plainte est surtout de sensibiliser le public (aux enjeux climatiques), alors elle peut réussir”, estime Masako Ichihara, qui juge son message “très parlant”.- Objectifs “très en deçà” des standards -Une autre plaignante, qui n’a donné que son nom de famille, Saito, a voulu agir en raison de son inquiétude pour son fils de six ans.Les récentes températures record, dit-elle, le privent de plus en plus de la possibilité de jouer dehors, les piscines publiques étant parfois interdites en cas d’alertes à la canicule.La plainte critique l’objectif de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre du Japon, jugé incompatible avec l’objectif de l’Accord de Paris de limiter le réchauffement à 1,5°C par rapport à la période préindustrielle. Interrogé sur le sujet lors d’une conférence de presse, le secrétaire général du gouvernement japonais, Minoru Kihara, a refusé de commenter directement la plainte, mais a affirmé que le pays avait approuvé des objectifs de réduction des émissions “ambitieux” compatibles avec ceux de l’Accord de Paris.Le Japon s’est engagé à réduire de 60% ses émissions d’ici 2035 par rapport à 2013, et de 73% d’ici 2040.Mais ces objectifs “sont très en deçà” des réductions mondiales préconisées dans le dernier rapport d’évaluation du Groupe d’experts intergouvernemental sur l’évolution du climat (GIEC), et ils ne sont pas juridiquement contraignants, souligne le résumé de la plainte.”Cette omission législative est incontestablement inconstitutionnelle”, conclut-il.

Most Asian markets track Wall St lower as AI fears mount

Most Asian markets sank Thursday after another sell-off on Wall Street as worries over the tech sector’s colossal spending on artificial intelligence continued to dog investor sentiment.Hopes for an end-of-year rally have been dealt a blow after the Federal Reserve last week hinted that it could pause its interest rate cuts next month while more questions are being asked about the cash pumped into AI.While the US central bank’s three successive rate reductions have provided a boost to equities in the back end of the year, some fear that support will be taken away.Key US inflation data due later Thursday could provide some idea about officials’ plans after a jobs report Tuesday provided little clarity.Focus is now back on the tech sector amid rising speculation that a bubble has formed and could be close to popping. While software and chip firms have led a surge in markets to record highs this year, a growing number of investors are beginning to wonder whether their valuations have been stretched and are asking when the cash pumped into AI will start to see returns.Those worries were compounded Wednesday by a report that private capital group Blue Owl had pulled out of market giant Oracle’s $10 billion data centre, putting the project in doubt.That came after Oracle and chip giant Broadcom last week unveiled disappointing earnings reports.Oracle plunged more than five percent Wednesday, while Broadcom and other sector heavyweights, including Nvidia, Alphabet and Advanced Micro Devices, also tumbled.The Nasdaq on Wall Street dived 1.8 percent and the broader S&P 500 was off more than one percent.Michael Hewson at CMC Markets said the “surge in valuations has… prompted fears of a bubble in the sector with some wild swings in recent weeks on the back of some end-of-year profit taking”.He added that there was “some chatter that 2026 could prompt a bit of a reset when it comes to AI winners, and AI losers”.Asian markets largely tracked the US losses.Tokyo and Seoul — which have heavy tech presences — led losses, followed by Singapore, Wellington, Taipei, Manila, Bangkok and Jakarta.However, Hong Kong, Shanghai and Mumbai rose while Sydney was flat.European markets were mixed ahead of policy decisions by the Bank of England and European Central Bank.London rose, Paris was flat and Frankfurt edged down.Oil prices rose again after Washington said US forces carried out a strike on a vessel it said was engaged in drug trafficking in the Pacific Ocean, killing four “narco-terrorists”.The move ramped up concerns about Donald Trump’s plans for Venezuela after he ordered a blockade of “sanctioned” oil tankers heading to and leaving the country.The US president’s Venezuelan counterpart Nicolas Maduro claims the White House is seeking regime change instead of its stated goal of stopping drug trafficking.- Key figures at around 0815 GMT -Tokyo – Nikkei 225: DOWN 1.0 percent at 49,001.50 (close)Hong Kong – Hang Seng Index: DOWN 0.1 percent at 25,447.44 (close)Shanghai – Composite: UP 0.2 percent at 3,876.37 (close)London – FTSE 100: UP 0.2 percent at 9,791.00 Euro/dollar: DOWN at $1.1735 from $1.1743 on WednesdayPound/dollar: DOWN at $1.3366 from $1.3379Dollar/yen: UP at 155.89 yen from 155.70Euro/pound: UP at 87.80 pence from 87.77West Texas Intermediate: UP 1.0 percent at $56.51 per barrelBrent North Sea Crude: UP 0.9 percent at $60.20 per barrelNew York – Dow: DOWN 0.5 percent at 47,885.97 (close)

Sri Lanka plans $1.6 bn in cyclone recovery spending in 2026

Sri Lanka’s government announced plans on Thursday for $1.6 billion in extra spending in 2026 to fund the country’s recovery from Cyclone Ditwah, which killed more than 640 people.The natural disaster affected 2.3 million people, more than 10 percent of Sri Lanka’s population, and floods and landslides caused by the cyclone left extensive damage throughout the country.The government convened parliament on Thursday, interrupting a month-long recess, to discuss what President Anura Kumara Dissanayake has described as the most challenging natural disaster to hit the island.Dissanayake presented a request for an additional 500 billion rupees ($1.66 billion) for rebuilding devastated homes, roads, bridges and railways, as well as for cash handouts to help people regain lost livelihoods.”We need to allocate an additional 500 billion rupees for disaster relief and reconstruction over and above the money allocated for government spending in calendar 2026,” Dissanayake told parliament.The national assembly, where his party holds a more than two-thirds majority, is expected to approve the mini-budget on Friday.However, Dissanayake said the government does not intend to raise its borrowing limit to meet the additional expenditure.He previously said he was banking heavily on foreign grants, and the finance ministry on Wednesday announced that it would call an international donor conference early next month.The government has already asked the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for $200 million from a rapid relief fund and has secured World Bank agreement to repurpose $120 million from an ongoing project for disaster recovery spending.On Tuesday, Sri Lanka also secured a $200 million loan from the Asian Development Bank to finance water management, the first such funding since the cyclone.The finance ministry said the funds would be used to complete a canal network in the North-Central Province (NCP), which was among the worst affected by flooding last month.”The objective of the project is to enhance agricultural productivity, farmer incomes and climate resilience in the NCP,” the ministry said in a statement.The World Bank has said it is in the process of assessing the damage caused by the cyclone, while Colombo has said preliminary estimates suggest it may need up to $7 billion to rebuild.The cyclone struck as the country was emerging from its worst ever economic meltdown in 2022, when it ran out of foreign exchange reserves to pay for essential imports such as food, fuel and medicines.Following a $2.9 billion bailout from the IMF approved in early 2023, the country’s economy has stabilised.

US approves $11 billion in arms sales to Taiwan: Taipei

The United States approved $11 billion-worth of arms to Taiwan, Taipei said Thursday, announcing one of the largest weapons packages for the island and prompting an angry backlash from China.While Washington is traditionally Taiwan’s biggest arms supplier, remarks by US President Donald Trump raised doubts about his willingness to defend the democratic island.Taiwan has ramped up its defence spending in the past decade as China has intensified military pressure, but Trump’s administration has pushed the island to do more to protect itself.The arms sale announced on Thursday, which still needs US Congressional approval, would be the second since Trump returned to office in January, after a $330 million sale of parts in November.The latest, much bigger cache features HIMARS rocket systems, howitzers, anti-tank missiles, drones and other equipment, according to Taipei’s foreign ministry.”This is the second arms sale to Taiwan announced during the Trump administration’s second term, once again demonstrating the US’s firm commitment to Taiwan’s security,” Taipei’s foreign ministry said.Beijing reacted angrily on Thursday, strongly condemning the sale announcement.”China urges the United States to abide by the one-China principle… and immediately stop the dangerous actions of arming Taiwan,” Chinese foreign ministry spokesman Guo Jiakun told a press conference, adding that Beijing would take “resolute and forceful measures” to safeguard its territorial integrity.Beijing claims Taiwan as part of its territory under the one-China principle, and has threatened to use force to bring the self-ruled island under its control.The potential size of the sale rivals the $18 billion authorised under former US president George W. Bush in 2001, although that was ultimately downsized after commercial negotiations.Bush ended up selling $15.6 billion-worth of weapons to Taiwan over his eight years in office.During Trump’s first term, the United States approved $10 billion in arms sales to Taiwan, including $8 billion for fighter jets.The latest package is expected to soon receive a Congressional rubber stamp, given the cross-party consensus on Taiwan’s defence.Taiwan maintains its own defence industry but the island would be massively outgunned in a conflict with China, and so remains heavily reliant on US arms.The latest arms sale shows Washington has continued to assist Taipei in “rapidly building robust deterrence capabilities”, Taiwan’s defence ministry said in a statement. Taiwanese President Lai Ching-te’s government has vowed to ramp up defence spending to more than three percent of the GDP next year and five percent by 2030, following US pressure.It is also plans to seek up to NT$1 trillion in special funding to upgrade the island’s air defence systems and increase capacity to produce and store ammunition.The defence spending proposals need backing from the island’s opposition-controlled parliament before they can take effect.China deploys military aircraft and warships around Taiwan on a near-daily basis, which analysts describe as “grey-zone” operations — coercive tactics that fall short of an act of war.Taipei’s defence ministry said 40 Chinese military aircraft, including fighters, choppers and drones, as well as eight naval vessels, were detected around Taiwan in a 24-hour period ending early Thursday.On Tuesday, Beijing’s third and newest aircraft carrier, the Fujian, sailed through the Taiwan Strait, according to Taipei. burs-dhw/je/fox