Weeks after toppling Venezuela’s leader, US President Donald Trump is turning to a similar playbook on Iran, sending what he calls an “armada” near its shores and warning an unpopular government.Trump has been emboldened on multiple fronts by the tactical success in Venezuela, but Iran presents far more complexities.- Nature of government -After US commandos snatched Venezuela’s Nicolas Maduro, Trump has leaned on his successor, vice president Delcy Rodriguez, threatening new attacks if she does not comply with his wishes, starting with access to the country’s oil.As with Maduro, a core principle of Tehran’s clerical leadership is resistance to the United States — but there are fewer signs of cracks in the state.The Islamic republic relies on the elite Revolutionary Guards, who in recent weeks have ruthlessly put down mass protests, killing thousands.The United States seized Maduro and his wife to face drug trafficking charges in New York — which they deny — after intermediaries for years quietly suggested a comfortable exile.Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, 86, has not left the country since 1989. A Shiite cleric, he lives frugally and was brought up in a religious tradition that reveres martyrdom.US Secretary of State Marco Rubio, testifying Wednesday to a Senate committee, said the Islamic republic was “weaker than it has ever been” since the 1979 revolution overthrew the pro-Western shah.But he said there was no “simple answer” on what, or who, would follow Khamenei if he falls.”I would imagine it would be even far more complex” than Venezuela, he said.- Military strength -Trump said on social media that the US fleet near Iran was larger than the one sent to Venezuela.”Like with Venezuela, it is, ready, willing, and able to rapidly fulfill its mission, with speed and violence, if necessary,” Trump wrote.Mona Yacoubian, director of the Middle East program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, said Iran “is inordinately more complex than Venezuela,” with more diffuse centers of power.”I think this is the concern — that undertaking something like a ‘decapitation strike’ ends up in fact provoking all kinds of… very difficult to anticipate second- and third- and fourth-order effects and ends up really unleashing a mess inside of Iran,” she said.US forces rapidly went in and out of Caracas, which lies near the Caribbean coast and is in the same hemisphere as the United States.Tehran is much farther inland. The Islamic republic has weathered previous blistering attacks — by Iraq in the 1980s and Israel last June — and a 1980 US helicopter mission to free hostages ended disastrously.Iran’s leaders, however, have been weakened by the protests, the largest seen since the revolution.A number of protesters and exiled leaders have urged Trump to strike to help bring down the Islamic republic, although there are also plenty of skeptics who say either that it is too late or that Trump risks rallying the government’s supporters to its side.- What goal? -Trump has brashly vowed to intervene at will in Latin America and Rubio, in defending the Venezuela operation, earlier said: “This is not the Middle East.”Trump has long denounced previous US policymakers as ill-informed warmongers for the 2003 assault that overthrew Saddam Hussein in Iraq, a smaller country than Iran.Rather than vowing to topple the Islamic republic, Trump has urged it to end the standoff by accepting tough constraints on its nuclear program as well as missiles.Iran has fought hard against such concessions but observers say its leaders may prefer to turn the conversation to its weapons rather than face an existential threat.Kirsten Fontenrose, a non-resident fellow at the Atlantic Council, wrote that for Iran, the Maduro operation is “strategically relevant less as a template than as a signal.”Iranian policymakers have believed the United States would stop short of targeting leaders for fear of escalation but “the Maduro episode complicates that assumption,” she wrote.While Trump has brushed aside Latin American critics of his Venezuela operation, he enjoys close ties with Gulf Arab monarchies that have warned against intervention.The oil-rich US allies have little love for Iran but fear a spiraling regional conflict that would jeopardize their hard-earned image as stable havens for business.

After more than a foot (30 centimeters) of snow fell over parts of New York during this past weekend’s historic winter storm, the city is working to melt away the remains before the next blizzard strikes.Though the storm has passed, temperatures remain below freezing, impeding natural snowmelt, with no relief in sight for the forecast.The snow has been shoveled to the side, but it remains hazardous for both pedestrians and drivers, and needs an extra boost to go away in a timely fashion. “The problem there is that if we don’t melt it, then it’ll sit there for a while,” said Javier Logan, who oversees New York’s sanitation department, at a Wednesday press conference. Their secret weapon? Giant snow “hot tubs” capable of melting between 60 and 120 tons of snow an hour.Trucks filled with excavated snow dump their trailers into the machines, filled with water, to rapidly melt it. Although the ensuing steam gives the machines a jacuzzi-like appearance, the water inside is heated only to 38F (3C). The water is then filtered and dumped into storm drains.More than 2,500 city workers are mobilized for the 24/7 operation. “Our priority right now is to get the bus roads open, because we want to make sure that people can get on and off the buses and get to work or school as needed,” Logan said. The snow melters, which are used at other cities and airports across North America, have not been used at such a high scale in New York since 2021.