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A new documentary featuring never-before-seen footage of a pivotal moment in folk music history taps into a revival of interest in Bob Dylan thanks to recent biopic “A Complete Unknown”, which starred Timothee Chalamet.”Newport and the Great Folk Dream”, which premieres at the Venice Film Festival on Friday, charts the development of the Newport Folk Festival in Rhode Island in the early 1960s.Director Robert Gordon picked through 90 hours of black-and-white archive footage shot and then stored for decades by filmmaker Murray Lerner, who made a 1967 documentary “Festival”.  “It was a constant revelation of gems and treasures,” Gordon told reporters at a press conference Friday.Although the documentary sometimes struggles for narrative drive, music fans are likely to soak up gripping performances from American folk legends Dylan, Joan Baez, Pete Seeger, Peter, Paul and Mary, or Doc Watson. A young John Lee Hooker sings “Boom Boom”, while other Black blues heroes from the era, Skip James, Taj Mahal, Muddy Waters and the electric Howlin’ Wolf have the crowd of college-age Americans in raptures. Some of the most memorable moments, however, come from the long-forgotten regional acts — gospel singers or performers of woodcutters’ working music, which were a key part of the Newport festival vision. But Dylan’s fraught relationship with the folk music community provides the main plotline, a story that will be familiar to viewers of the Oscar-nominated “A Complete Unknown” which helped bring Dylan to a new, younger audience. “We owe a big thank you to Timothee Chalamet and (director) James Mangold,” Gordon said. “Teens, people in their 20s and 30s, who had never had heard of the Newport Folk Festival are now aware of it and interested in Dylan.””Newport and the Great Folk Dream” ends with Dylan’s now-famous performance in 1965 in which he plays an electric instead of acoustic guitar — upsetting folk music purists — leading to booing from some in the audience at the end of his set.- Race and war -In between the musical performances, Gordon also weaves in the era’s tumultuous political backdrop, including protests against the Vietnam War, the civil rights movement, and the rise and death of President John F. Kennedy.The political content is a reminder to contemporary artists of their power and influence, film editor Laura Jean Hocking said.”One of the things that we wanted to do with this movie was to tell people not to be afraid, to use their voices to speak out against injustice, to speak out against war, against racism, against the erasure of history,” she said.After diving into Dylan’s back catalogue for “A Complete Unknown”, Mangold told AFP in January it had made him realise how “narcissistic” modern pop music was with its focus on “me, me, me”.The Newport film is one of several documentaries by international directors at the Venice Film Festival, which wraps up on Saturday.Only one is in the running for the top Golden Lion prize, Italy’s Gianfranco Rosi’s ode to Naples, “Sotto le Nuvole” (Under the Clouds).Others include “Ghost Elephants”, the latest from German veteran Werner Herzog about a mythical herd of elephants in Angola, and “Cover-Up” about American investigative journalist Seymour Hersh by Oscar-winning filmmaker Laura Poitras and Mark Obenhaus.

US employment data on Friday is expected to confirm a cooled labor market, as companies pull back on hiring amid continued uncertainty over President Donald Trump’s tariffs.But the jobs report is set to attract heightened scrutiny, after a poor showing last month prompted Trump to claim the numbers were “rigged” and take the unprecedented action of firing the commissioner of labor statistics.US job growth missed expectations in July, while revisions to hiring figures in recent months brought them to the weakest levels since the Covid-19 pandemic.Hours after the data release, Trump charged that Commissioner Erika McEntarfer had “faked” jobs data to boost Democrats’ chances of victory in the recent presidential election.He also pointed to the downward revisions to hiring numbers, saying that similar things have happened this year — amid his return to the presidency in January — and “always to the negative.”But Nationwide chief economist Kathy Bostjancic told AFP that data revisions take place as survey response rates have declined.If companies respond late, numbers have to be updated to reflect incoming data.”I’ve never viewed the data as being politically determined or influenced,” she said. But she conceded that “there’s room for improvement in data collection.”- ‘Fragile balance’ -For now, EY chief economist Gregory Daco anticipates Friday’s report “to confirm that a marked slowdown in labor market conditions is underway.”This comes as business leaders “continue to restrain hiring” as they grapple with softer demand, higher costs and interest rates, he wrote in a note.Trump’s stop-start approach to rolling out tariffs has snarled supply chains and made it tough for businesses to plan their next moves. Many firms said they have been forced to put growth plans on hold.A Briefing.com consensus forecast expects US hiring to pick up slightly to 78,000 in August from 73,000 in July.The unemployment rate, meanwhile, is anticipated to edge up from 4.2 percent to 4.3 percent.While this appears to be an improvement, KPMG senior economist Kenneth Kim told AFP that “last year, the average payroll gain per month was 168,000.”The average so far this year, he said, was 85,000 — about half the pace seen in 2024.”Recent data highlights a fragile balance in the labor market: labor demand and supply have become subdued, while layoffs remain limited,” Daco said.”Increasingly, job creation is concentrated within a couple of private-sector industries,” he added.He also warned that the labor force participation rate will likely edge down as stricter immigration policies under the Trump administration increasingly constrain worker flows in the coming months.- Rate cut incoming -If Friday’s data came in as expected, “there’s a very high probability” that the Federal Reserve will lower interest rates at the end of its policy meeting from September 16-17, said Kim of KPMG.Since its last cut in December, the US central bank has held interest rates steady at a range between 4.25 percent and 4.50 percent.In doing so, Fed policymakers have been balancing between risks of inflation and a deteriorating jobs market.Economists have warned that Trump’s wide-ranging tariffs on imports could fuel inflation and bog down economic growth over the long run. The Fed is monitoring the duties’ effects on consumer prices as officials mull the right timing for their next rate cut, despite Trump’s growing calls for swift and significant reductions.A jobs report signaling a tepid labor market would likely support the need for a cut to boost the economy, while a surprisingly strong showing might instead tip the odds in the other direction.

President Donald Trump is changing the name of the Department of Defense to the Department of War, the White House announced Thursday, insisting the rebrand will project a more powerful image.While the department’s official name is set in law, Trump in an executive order is authorizing use of the new label as a “secondary title” by his administration, a White House document said.Defense officials are permitted to use to use “secondary titles such as ‘Secretary of War,’…in official correspondence, public communications, ceremonial contexts, and non-statutory documents within the executive branch,” according to the document.It was not immediately clear when Trump planned to sign the order, but his public schedule for Friday said he would be signing executive orders in the afternoon as well as making an announcement in the Oval Office.The president, a marketing-savvy real estate developer, has repeatedly said in recent weeks that he was mulling such a change.Late last month, the 79-year-old Republican claimed the Defense Department’s title was too “defensive.”The Department of War “was the name when we won World War I, we won World War II, we won everything,” he told reporters on August 25.According to the White House document, the name change “conveys a stronger message of readiness and resolve.”Established in the early days of US independence, the Department of War historically oversaw American land forces.A government reorganization after World War II brought it along with the US Navy and Air Force under the unified National Military Establishment, which in 1949 was retitled to the Department of Defense.”Restoring the name ‘Department of War’ will sharpen the focus of this Department on our national interest and signal to adversaries America’s readiness to wage war to secure its interests,” the White House document said.The move is the latest overhaul at the Pentagon since Trump took office in January and appointed former Fox News host Pete Hegseth to lead the sprawling department.Hegseth, a combat veteran, has repeatedly touted the push to restore a “warrior ethos” in the department, and has lambasted prior administrations for policies he and Trump have derided as “woke.”Hegseth notably has sought to expel transgender troops from the military and change the names of bases that honored Confederate troops back to their original titles, after they were renamed under former president Joe Biden.While Trump’s order could potentially be rescinded by a future president, it “instructs the Secretary of War to recommend actions, to include legislative and executive actions, required to permanently rename” the department, the White House document said.

Wildfires are releasing a “witches’ brew” of pollutants that can end up wrecking air quality a continent away from the blaze, the UN’s weather and climate agency said Friday.The World Meteorological Organization said the quality of the air people breathe was interlinked with climate change, and the two issues needed to be tackled together.Wildfires in the Amazon, Canada and Siberia have brought home how air quality can be impacted on a vast scale, the WMO said in its fifth annual Air Quality and Climate Bulletin.”Climate impacts and air pollution respect no national borders — as exemplified by intense heat and drought which fuels wildfires, worsening air quality for millions of people,” said WMO deputy secretary-general Ko Barrett.The bulletin looked at the interplay between air quality and the climate, highlighting the role of tiny particles called aerosols in wildfires, winter fog, shipping emissions and urban pollution.Particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometres (PM 2.5) are considered particularly harmful since they can penetrate deep into the lungs or cardiovascular system.Wildfires in 2024 led to above-average PM 2.5 levels in Canada, Siberia and central Africa, the WMO said. The biggest PM 2.5 surge, however, was in the Amazon basin.- Wildfire season stronger, longer -“The wildfire season has the tendency to be stronger and longer every year as a result of climate change,” said WMO scientific officer Lorenzo Labrador, who coordinated the bulletin.Wildfires in Canada have ended up causing air pollution in Europe.”We had that last year and this year as well. So you have a degradation in air quality across continents when the meteorological conditions are right,” Labrador told a press conference.”What we have from these fires is essentially a witches’ brew of components that pollute the air.”The World Health Organization estimates that air pollution causes more than 4.5 million premature deaths each year.The WMO called for improved monitoring and better policies to safeguard human and environmental health — and reduce agricultural and economic losses.The bulletin highlighted pollution hotspots in northern India.It said the Indo-Gangetic Plain, home to more than 900 million people, had seen a marked rise in air pollution and winter fog episodes, which are growing in frequency and duration due to pollution, notably from agricultural biomass burning.”Persistence of fog is no longer a simple, seasonal weather event — it is a symptom of escalating human impact on the environment,” it said.- Dramatic improvements in China -PM 2.5 levels continued to decline in eastern China last year, which the WMO put down to sustained mitigation measures.When countries take measures to combat poor air quality, the improvement can be clearly seen in meteorological data, said Paolo Laj, the WMO’s global atmosphere chief.”Look at Europe, Shanghai, Beijing, cities in the United States: many cities have taken measures and you see in the long term, a strong decrease” in recorded air pollution, he told AFP.”Over a 10-year period, Chinese cities have improved their air quality in a dramatic way. It’s really impressive what they have done.”Laj said there was no all-purpose measure that could bring about drastic change, such as switching to electric cars, “but when measures are taken, it works”.In Europe, “we don’t realise what we were breathing in 20 years ago, but it was much worse than today”, he added.

Russia rejected the notion of Western security guarantees for Ukraine on Friday, after more than two dozen countries pledged to join a “reassurance” force to deploy in the wartorn country after any eventual peace deal with Moscow.A force to deter Russia from again attacking its neighbour is a key pillar of the security backstop a coalition of mainly European countries want to offer to Ukraine if the war ends via a peace deal or a ceasefire.The extent of any US involvement remains uncertain, even after European leaders spoke to President Donald Trump via video conference following the Paris summit at which the “coalition of the willing” pledged its force. But on Friday, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov rejected the idea of Western security guarantees for Ukraine, saying that “foreign, especially European and American” troops “definitely cannot” provide such assurances to Kyiv.The Paris summit was hosted by French President Emmanuel Macron and attended by Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelensky, while others, like British premier Keir Starmer, participated remotely.The meeting represented a new push led by Macron to show that Europe can act independently of the United States after Trump launched direct talks with Russian President Vladimir Putin.The United States was represented by Trump’s special envoy Steve Witkoff, who also met with Zelensky separately.Trump said after his call with European leaders that he would speak to Putin soon, with Peskov confirming Friday that such a call could be organised swiftly.- ‘First concrete step’ -Europe has been under pressure to step up its response over three and a half years after Russia launched its full-scale invasion in February 2022.”We have today 26 countries who have formally committed — some others have not yet taken a position — to deploy as a ‘reassurance force’ troops in Ukraine, or be present on the ground, in the sea, or in the air,” Macron told reporters, standing alongside Zelensky.Zelensky hailed the move: “I think that today, for the first time in a long time, this is the first such serious concrete step.”The troops would not be deployed “on the front line” but aim to “prevent any new major aggression”, the French president said.Macron added that another major pillar was a “regeneration” of the Ukrainian army so that it can “not just resist a new attack but dissuade Russia from a new aggression”.Macron said the United States was being “very clear” about its willingness to participate in security guarantees for Ukraine.However, the US contribution remains unclear.There are also divisions within the coalition, with German Chancellor Friedrich Merz urging more pressure but remaining cautious about the scope of involvement.”Germany will decide on military involvement at the appropriate time once the framework conditions have been clarified,” a German government spokesman said after the summit.Taking a similar line, Italy’s Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni reiterated that her country will not send troops to Ukraine, but could help monitor any potential peace deal.There is also growing concern that Putin is not interested in a peace accord, with alarm intensifying after his high-profile visit to China this week.- ‘Play for time’ -Frustration has been building in the West over what leaders say is Putin’s unwillingness to strike a deal to end the conflict.Zelensky said the call with Trump discussed sanctions on Russia and protecting Ukraine’s airspace. “We discussed different options, and the most important is using strong measures, particularly economic ones, to force an end to the war,” Zelensky said on social media.The White House said it urged European countries to stop purchasing Russian oil “that is funding the war”.A Russian rocket attack Thursday on northern Ukraine killed two people from the Danish Refugee Council who were clearing mines in an area previously occupied by Moscow’s forces, the local Ukrainian governor said.Macron warned that if Russia continued refusing a peace deal, then “additional sanctions” would be agreed in coordination with the United States.He accused Russia of “doing nothing other than try to play for time” and intensifying attacks against civilians.The gathering followed Putin’s high-profile trips to China and the United States, where he met with Trump in Alaska last month.Speaking Wednesday in Beijing, where he attended a massive military parade alongside Chinese President Xi Jinping, Putin hailed his forces’ progress in Ukraine, adding that Russian troops were advancing on “all fronts”.fff-vl-cad-as-sjw/tym/dhw

US President Donald Trump signed an order Thursday to lower tariffs on Japanese autos, as Washington moves to implement a trade pact negotiated with Tokyo.Japanese autos will face a 15 percent tariff instead of the current 27.5 percent, while the level for many other goods will similarly be capped at 15 percent, according to the text of the executive order published by the White House.The outcome marks a win for Japan, after Tokyo’s tariff envoy headed to Washington on Thursday to press Trump to sign the document for the changes — weeks after both sides announced their agreement.Top government spokesman Yoshimasa Hayashi said Japan welcomed the executive order, which marked “the steadfast implementation” of the deal.While the two countries had initially unveiled a trade pact in late July, they appeared to diverge in its details.When Trump in early August implemented higher tariffs on Japan — as part of a flurry targeting dozens of economies — its 15 percent rate stacked on existing levels for many products.Japan’s tariffs envoy Ryosei Akazawa had earlier told reporters that Washington was expected to revise the rule.According to the new order, the 15 percent cap for many products will apply retroactively to goods shipped from August 7 — the date that the higher duties on dozens of economies took effect.The modifications are to be made within seven days of the rule being published on the Federal Register.- ‘Still cause damage’-Apart from Washington’s country-specific tariff levels, Trump has also imposed separate sector-specific tariff rates, including a 25 percent duty on autos and parts.This, coupled with an existing 2.5 percent tariff the Japanese auto industry faced, took the overall level to 27.5 percent.The hefty duties had marked a heavy blow to Japan and its crucial auto sector, which accounts for around eight percent of the country’s jobs.Japan’s deal wins it a similar reprieve to the European Union, which also has a 15 percent maximum tariff on many products.But speaking in Washington, Akazawa told Japanese media Friday that the 15 percent tariff would “still cause damage to our nation’s industries”.”The Japanese government will take swift and necessary measures, like financing assistance,” he added.Akazawa was also expected to engage in further discussions during his US trip about Trump’s assertion that Japan would make investments worth $550 billion in the United States.According to Trump’s order, the investments “will be selected by the United States Government,” but the document did not go into detail.Ishiba said Friday that Tokyo had sent a letter to Washington saying “we would like to build a golden age for Japan and the United States together with President Trump, and that we would like to invite him to Japan”.Trump has said the United States will keep 90 percent of the profits from the investments, which Japan has said will mostly consist of loans and loan guarantees.Akazawa had cancelled an earlier visit after Washington said that it was considering including a reduction in Japanese tariffs on agricultural products in the presidential order, the Nikkei business daily reported.Trump has long pressed Japan to import more American rice.burs-aph/fox

Tech world executives showered Donald Trump with praise Thursday during a rare dinner that saw the US president host some of the most important players in AI at the White House.”This is quite a group to get together,” said Meta chief and co-founder Mark Zuckerberg, who was seated at Trump’s right side.At the table were heads of major tech companies including Google-parent Alphabet, Apple, Microsoft and artificial intelligence star OpenAI.Some of those at the dinner had attended Trump’s inauguration, signalling they were ready to fall in line with the 79-year-old president’s world view — or at least seek to avoid his ire.Notably absent from the dinner was multi-billionaire tech tycoon Elon Musk, a former Trump ally who had a spectacular falling out with the president.The chief of Tesla and SpaceX put out word in a post on his X social network that he had been invited to the dinner but couldn’t attend, sending someone to represent him.Companies at the dinner were making huge investments in US data centers and infrastructure to “power the next wave of innovation”, Zuckerberg said.Apple chief executive Tim Cook voiced thanks for Trump “setting the tone” for the companies to make major investments in US manufacturing.Trump recently threatened trade sanctions against countries that apply regulations to US tech companies, aiming particularly at the European Union.”Thank you for being such a pro-business, pro-innovation president,” said OpenAI chief executive Sam Altman.”It’s a refreshing change.”  Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates, seated next to First Lady Melania Trump, was less effusive, calling for artificial intelligence to be used to promote international development.”It’s great we all get together and talk about how the United States could lead in this key area and apply it even to the poorest outside the US, as well as to our great citizens,” said the Microsoft legend turned philanthropist.Gates cited Operation Warp Speed, Trump’s first term initiative which saw the rapid development of Covid-19 vaccines, as an example of America’s capacity for innovation.Since taking office in January, Trump has cut international aid and ended investments in the kinds of vaccines deployed during the Covid-19 pandemic.Silicon Valley leaders who did not support Trump during his first term in office changed course with his return to office.Many have visited the White House to promise heavy investment in the United States, and some have been quick to follow the US president’s lead in ending diversity promotion programs and initiatives to combat online misinformation.

US President Donald Trump on Thursday threw his support behind his controversial health secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., after he was grilled in Congress over decisions to fire scientists and overhaul the nation’s vaccine policies.”He’s a very good person, and he means very well, and he’s got some little different ideas,” Trump said at a White House dinner with tech industry executives.The three-hour grilling, which often erupted into shouting matches, came a week after the Trump administration’s ousting of Sue Monarez, the director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which plunged the nation’s premier public health agency into turmoil.In his opening remarks, Kennedy tore into the CDC’s actions during the Covid pandemic, accusing it of failing “miserably” with “disastrous and nonsensical” policies including masking guidance, social distancing and school closures. “We need bold, competent and creative new leadership at CDC, people able and willing to chart a new course,” he said, touting the health department’s new focus on chronic disease.Monarez, the CDC director whom Kennedy previously endorsed, accused the secretary of a “deliberate effort to weaken America’s public-health system and vaccine protections” in a Wall Street Journal op-ed Thursday.Kennedy’s explanation for her firing — as he told senators during the hearing — was simply: “I asked her, ‘Are you a trustworthy person?’ And she said, ‘No.'””Secretary Kennedy’s claims are false, and at times, patently ridiculous,” Monarez’s lawyers said in a statement sent to AFP, adding she would be willing to testify under oath.- Bitter exchanges -Once a respected environmental lawyer, Kennedy emerged in the mid-2000s as a leading anti-vaccine activist, spending two decades spreading voluminous misinformation before being tapped by President Donald Trump as health secretary.Since taking office, Kennedy has restricted who can receive Covid-19 shots, cut off federal research grants for the mRNA technology credited with saving millions of lives, and announced new research on debunked claims about autism.Ron Wyden, the top Democrat on the Senate Finance Committee leading the hearing, set the tone by demanding Kennedy be sworn in under oath — accusing him of lying in prior testimony when he pledged not to limit vaccine access. The demand was later shot down.”It is in the country’s best interest that Robert Kennedy step down, and if he doesn’t, Donald Trump should fire him before more people are hurt,” Wyden thundered. Trump, however, stood by Kennedy, saying at a White House event Thursday evening that he “did very well today, but it’s not your standard talk… I like the fact that he’s different.”During the heated hearing, Democratic Senator Maria Cantwell branded Kennedy a “charlatan” over his attacks on mRNA research, while Kennedy accused Senator Maggie Hassan of “crazy talk” and “making things up to scare people” when she said parents were already struggling to get Covid vaccines for their children.Vaccines have become a flashpoint in an ever-deepening partisan battle.Conservative-leaning Florida on Wednesday announced it would end all immunization requirements, including at schools, while a West Coast alliance of California, Washington and Oregon announced they would make their own vaccine recommendation body to counter Kennedy’s influence at the national level.- Republican dissent -Republicans mostly closed ranks around Kennedy, though there was some notable dissent. Senator Bill Cassidy, a physician whose support was key to Kennedy’s confirmation, criticized his cancellation of mRNA grants. He was joined by fellow Republican doctor Senator John Barrasso and Senator Thom Tillis.Cassidy pressed Kennedy on whether President Trump deserved a Nobel Prize for Operation Warp Speed, the program that sped Covid vaccines to market.Kennedy agreed Trump should have received the prize — but in nearly the same breath, praised hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin, drugs championed by conspiracy theorists that have been proven ineffective against Covid-19.

US President Donald Trump said Thursday the United States will soon put a “fairly substantial tariff” on semiconductors coming into the country, after previously threatening a 100-percent levy on the chips.”We will be putting a tariff very shortly,” Trump said at a White House dinner with tech industry executives.”Not that high, but fairly substantial tariff.”He did not give a timetable or details for the new levy, which he has repeatedly threatened in the past, to be enacted.Trump in early August sparked volatility in Asian chipmaker shares with talk of a 100-percent tariff on semiconductors from firms that do not invest in the United States.”We’ll be putting a tariff of approximately 100 percent on chips and semiconductors, but if you’re building in the United States…there’s no charge,” Trump said at the time.The United States and China are locked in a high-stakes race to develop the high-end semiconductors used to power artificial intelligence systems.Arisa Liu, senior semiconductor researcher at the Taiwan Institute of Economic Research, said in August that a heavy US chip tariff would impact the “strategic direction of global semiconductor companies.”Trump’s latest tariff talk comes on the heels of the president saying he will seek a swift ruling from the Supreme Court as his administration pushes to overturn a court decision that found many of his tariffs illegal.The appellate court however only considered the legality of his most sweeping tariffs and not sector-specific levies — such as those on steel and, potentially, semiconductors — which are viewed as on firmer legal footing.

More than two dozen countries have pledged to join a force to deploy in Ukraine after any eventual peace deal with Russia, aiming to deter Moscow from again attacking its neighbour, leaders announced Thursday.A “reassurance force” for Ukraine is a key pillar of the security guarantees a coalition of mainly European countries want to offer to Ukraine if the war ends via a peace deal or a ceasefire.However there is also growing concern that Russian President Vladimir Putin is now showing no interest in a peace accord, with alarm intensifying after his high-profile visit to Beijing this week.And the extent of any US involvement in any eventual security backstop remains uncertain, even after European leaders spoke to President Donald Trump via video conference following the summit in Paris of the so-called “coalition of the willing”.It was hosted by French President Emmanuel Macron and attended by Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelensky, while others, like UK premier Keir Starmer, participated remotely.The meeting represented a new push led by Macron to show that Europe can act independently of Washington after Trump upended US foreign policy and launched direct talks with Putin after returning to the White House.The United States was represented by Trump’s special envoy Steve Witkoff, who also met with Zelensky separately.- ‘First concrete step’ -Europe has been under pressure to step up its response over three and a half years after Russia launched its full-scale invasion in February 2022.”We have today 26 countries who have formally committed — some others have not yet taken a position — to deploy as a ‘reassurance force’ troops in Ukraine, or be present on the ground, in the sea, or in the air,” Macron told reporters, standing alongside Zelensky.Zelensky hailed the move. “I think that today, for the first time in a long time, this is the first such serious concrete step,” he said.The troops would not be deployed “on the front line” but aim to “prevent any new major aggression”, the French president said.Macron added that another major pillar was a “regeneration” of the Ukrainian army so that it can “not just resist a new attack but dissuade Russia from a new aggression”.Macron said the United States was being “very clear” about its willingness to participate in security guarantees for Ukraine.However, the American contribution remains unclear.There are also divisions within the coalition, with German Chancellor Friedrich Merz urging more pressure but remaining cautious about the scope of involvement.”Germany will decide on military involvement at the appropriate time once the framework conditions have been clarified,” a German government spokesman said after the summit.Taking a similar line, Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni reiterated that Italy will not send troops to Ukraine, but it could help monitor any potential peace deal, her office said.Before the Paris talks, Russian foreign ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova said Moscow would not agree to the deployment of foreign troops in Ukraine “in any format”.- ‘Play for time’ -Frustration has been building in the West over what leaders say is Putin’s unwillingness to strike a deal to end the conflict.Zelensky said the call with Trump discussed sanctions on Russia and protecting Ukraine’s airspace. “We discussed different options, and the most important is using strong measures, particularly economic ones, to force an end to the war,” Zelensky said on social media.The White House said it urged European countries to stop purchasing Russian oil “that is funding the war”.A Russian rocket attack Thursday on northern Ukraine killed two people from the Danish Refugee Council who were clearing mines in an area previously occupied by Moscow’s forces, the local Ukrainian governor said.Macron warned that if Russia continued refusing a peace deal, then “additional sanctions” would be agreed in coordination with the United States.He accused Russia of “doing nothing other than try to play for time” and intensifying attacks against civilians.The gathering followed Putin’s high-profile trips to China and the United States, where he met with Trump in Alaska last month.Speaking Wednesday in Beijing, where he attended a massive military parade alongside Chinese President Xi Jinping, Putin hailed his forces’ progress in Ukraine, adding that Russian troops were advancing on “all fronts”.fff-vl-cad-as-sjw/rlp/gv/dc